One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of
molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized …

Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, Fourth Edition provides a basic guide to anaesthesia for a
very diverse audience needing content, with straight-forward, structured style of writing …

Neuropathic pain is a considerable burden that affects activities of daily living. The
management of neuropathic pain can be challenging because of multiple etiologies and …

Angelman syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletion or
mutation of the maternal allele of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A),,. In neurons, the …

Abstract Background Chemokine CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) in spinal glial cells has been
implicated in neuropathic pain. However, the regulatory cascades of CXCR4 in neuropathic …

Opioid receptor antagonists increase hyperalgesia in humans and animals, which indicates
that endogenous activation of opioid receptors provides relief from acute pain; however, the …

Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene transfer has been reported in
central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. The current study compared the …

Innate immune response acts as the first line of host defense against damage and is initiated
following the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). For double …

Background Mixed cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB 1 and CB 2) agonists such as Δ 9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) can produce tolerance, physical withdrawal, and unwanted …

There has been much speculation regarding the functional relevance of G protein-coupled
receptor heterodimers, primarily because demonstrating their existence in vivo has proven …