The placenta is an ephemeral but critical organ for the survival of all eutherian mammals
and marsupials. It is the primary messenger system between the mother and fetus, where …

There are known sex specific differences in fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There
are also known differences in birthweight centile with males generally being larger than …

Biobanks provide an important repository of samples for research purposes. However, for
those samples to reflect the in vivo state, and for experimental reliability and reproducibility …

Sex differences in human health and disease can range from undetectable to profound.
Differences in brain tumor rates and outcome are evident in males and females throughout …

An increasing number of women of reproductive age are obese which affects the continuum
of pregnancy and is associated with an increased incidence of adverse maternal and fetal …

The differences between males and females begin shortly after birth, continue throughout
prenatal development, and eventually extend into childhood and adult life. Male embryos …

Rates of preterm birth vary between different populations and ethnic groups. Epidemiologic
studies have suggested that the incidence of preterm birth is also higher in pregnancies …

Uterine life is arguably the most critical time in developmental programming, when
environmental exposures may have the greatest potential to influence evolving fetal …

Obesity is now epidemic worldwide. Beyond associated diseases such as diabetes, obesity
is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. Alarmingly maternal obesity and …

Problem Several pregnancy complications have disparities based on the sex of the fetus. It
is unknown whether the sex of the fetus differentially alters the maternal immune milieu …