Substance use disorders (SUDs) are conditions in which the use of legal or illegal
substances, such as nicotine, alcohol or opioids, results in clinical and functional …

Abstract 'Smart drugs'(also known as 'nootropics' and 'cognitive enhancers'[CEs]) are being
used by healthy subjects (ie students and workers) typically to improve memory, attention …

Foraging theory prescribes when optimal foragers should leave the current option for more
rewarding alternatives. Actual foragers often exploit options longer than prescribed by the …

Attention is a core cognitive function that filters and selects behaviourally relevant
information in the environment. The cortical mapping of attentional systems identified two …

Cigarette smoking is often initiated during adolescence and an earlier age of onset is
associated with worse health outcomes later in life. Paradoxically, the transition towards …

In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are
growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been …

Tobacco use disorder continues to be a leading public health issue and cause of premature
death in the United States. Nicotine is considered as the major tobacco alkaloid causing …

There is an urgent need to address the devastating pandemic, COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐
CoV‐2. The efforts to understand the details of this disease in hope of providing effective …

In this prospective cohort study of 434 mother–infant pairs from the ECLIPSES study, we
examine the association between maternal vitamin B12 status at the beginning and end of …

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain
injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), are the most …