The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein
and a properly functioning dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) in muscle cells …

Photodynamic therapy based on fluorescence illumination of subcellular organelles and in
situ bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been recognized as a promising strategy …

Quantum dots (QDs) are one of emerging engineering nanomaterials (NMs) with
advantageous properties which can act as candidates for clinical imaging and diagnosis …

The C-terminal variants G1 and G2 of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) confer human resistance
to the sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma rhodesiense, but they also increase the risk …

Decades of intensive research have led to the discovery of most plasma membrane ion
channels and transporters and the characterization of their physiological functions. In …

Ca 2+ is an essential signal for pancreatic β-cell function. Ca 2+ plays critical roles in
numerous β-cell pathways such as insulin secretion, transcription, metabolism, endoplasmic …

Quantum dots (QDs) are different from the materials with the micrometer scale. Owing to the
superiority in fluorescence and optical stability, QDs act as possible diagnostic and …

Rhodopsins are ubiquitous light-driven membrane proteins with diverse functions, including
ion transport. Widely distributed, they are also coded in the genomes of giant viruses …

Tumors are phenotypically heterogeneous and include subpopulations of cancer cells with
stemlike properties. The natural product salinomycin, a K+-selective ionophore, was recently …