Abstract Since Washburn's New Physical Anthropology, researchers have sought to
understand the complexities of morphological evolution among anatomical regions in …

Clarifying how microevolutionary processes scale to macroevolutionary patterns is a
fundamental goal in evolutionary biology, but these analyses, requiring comparative …

The joint expression of particular colors, morphologies, and behaviors is a common feature
of adaptation, but the genetic basis for such “phenotypic syndromes” remains poorly …

Quantifying and characterizing the pattern of trait covariances is crucial for understanding
how population-level patterns of integration might constrain or facilitate craniofacial …

Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures,
which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected …

Biological variation is often considered in a scalable hierarchy, eg, within the individual,
within the populations, above the species level. Morphological integration, the concept of …

Phenotypic integration is often perceived as being able to produce convergent evolution in
the absence of selection, but specific mechanisms for this process are lacking and a …

Measurement error is present in all quantitative studies, and ensuring proper biological
inference requires that the effects of measurement error are fully scrutinized, understood …

While ontogeny of multicellular organisms requires an interplay among tissues,
morphogenesis of unicellular structures is typically organised with respect to differential …

The modified pharyngeal jaw system of cichlid fishes is widely viewed as a key innovation
that substantially facilitated the evolutionary exuberance of this iconic evolutionary radiation …