Dupilumab was first approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and blocks the
signaling of interleukin (IL)-4 and-13. Several other chronic skin conditions share …

Importance: While dupilumab has emerged as an effective treatment for moderate-to-severe
atopic dermatitis (AD) since its approval in 2017, interleukin-4 and 13 blockade has also …

Alopecia areata has basically been understood as a type 1 inflammatory disease. Activated
NKG2D+ CD8+ cells produce the Th1 cytokine interferon‐γ, which leads to the disruption of …

Alopecia areata (AA) is regarded as a tissue-specific and cell-mediated autoimmune
disorder. Regarding the cytokine balance, AA has been considered a type 1 inflammatory …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, relapsing, autoimmune disorder characterized by patchy
nonscaring hair loss. There is significant variation in the clinical presentation of AA, but …

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that affects up to 2% of the general
population. Currently available treatment options for AA are of limited efficacy and can be …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a frequent, chronic remittent skin disease. The pathophysiology of
AD has been increasingly understood within the last years, which may help to identify …

5 Hamilton JB. Male hormone stimulation is prerequisite and an incitant in common
baldness. Am J Anat 1942; 71: 451–80. 6 Moreno-Arrones OM, Becerra A, Vano-Galvan S …

Among the new biological therapies for atopic diseases, dupilumab is a fully human
monoclonal antibody directed against IL-4Rα, the common chain of interleukin-4 and …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and alopecia areata (AA) are two common skin diseases that can
coexist in the same patient, sharing some pathogenetic mechanisms such as the …