Worldwide pesticide usage was estimated in up to 3.5 million tons in 2020. The number of
approved products varies among different countries, however, in Brazil, there are nearly …

Voltage-gated sodium channels are critical for the generation and propagation of action
potentials. They are the primary target of several classes of insecticides, including DDT …

Experimental and theoretical studies on the reaction between (E)-3, 3, 3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-
1-ene and N-(4-bromophenyl)-C-arylnitrylimine were performed. It was found that the title …

Sensors based on graphene are promising devices for chemical and biological detection
owing to their high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and low costs. However, for chiral …

The voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) is a critical component of the insect nervous
system. Pyrethroids and DDT are insecticides that have been widely used, and they kill …

Background: Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is a prominent agricultural insect pest that has
developed resistance to a variety of insecticide classes. In this study, the resistance of three …

Abstract Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a destructive
cosmopolitan pest that affects cruciferous crops, and insecticides are the major tool used for …

Indoxacarb belongs to a class of insecticides known as oxadiazines and is the first
commercialized pyrazoline-type voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker. A moderate …

Spodoptera exigua is a phytophagous pest that causes critical economic losses in vegetable
crops, and insecticides are commonly used against it in vegetable growing areas. However …

Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is a key pest affecting many field crops and
vegetables in Egypt. Therefore, in the current study, the susceptibility of the 2nd instar larvae …