This paper reviews the research evidence concerning the intergenerational transmission of
trauma effects and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in this transmission. Two …

There is clear evidence that the mother's stress, anxiety, or depression during pregnancy
can alter the development of her fetus and her child, with an increased risk for later …

Objective Growing evidence suggests the deleterious consequences of exposure to
childhood maltreatment (CM) not only might endure over the exposed individual's lifespan …

Parental stress exposures are implicated in the risk for offspring neurodevelopmental and
neuropsychiatric disorders, prompting critical examination of preconception and prenatal …

Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) confers deleterious long-term consequences,
and growing evidence suggests some of these effects may be transmitted across …

This review integrates scientific knowledge obtained over the past few decades on the
biological mechanisms that contribute to the profound association between exposure to …

The inclusion of sex as a biological variable in research is absolutely essential for improving
our understanding of disease mechanisms contributing to risk and resilience. Studies …

Objective: There is growing evidence that exposure to trauma prior to conception can affect
offspring. The authors have reported that adult offspring of Holocaust survivors showed …

Mechanistic studies that more comprehensively assess biomarkers reflecting alterations
across interrelated stress response systems and associated regulatory processes, in both …

Background Maternal depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy predict poorer child
neurodevelopment. The effects of timing, symptom severity, and additive influences remain …