There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and
progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate are metabolites from dietary fiber's
fermentation by gut microbiota that can affect differentiation or functions of T cells …

This article reviews immunological memory cells, currently represented by T and B
lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, which determine a rapid and effective response …

Epigenetic remodeling is required during B cell differentiation. However, little is known about
the direct functions of epigenetic enzymes in Ab-secreting cells (ASC) in vivo. In this study …

B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases,
especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B …

T-dependent humoral responses generate long-lived memory B cells and plasma cells
(PCs) predominantly through germinal center (GC) reaction. In human and mouse, memory …

To date, nearly 100 autoimmune diseases have been an area of focus, and these diseases
bring health challenges to approximately 5% of the population worldwide. As a type of …

Valproic acid (VPA) is widely recognized for its use in the control of epilepsy and other
neurological disorders in the past 50 years. Recent evidence has shown the potential of …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are long-lived and produce high-affinity, generally, class-switched
antibodies. Here, we use a multiparameter approach involving CD27 to segregate naïve B …