Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses
(bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where …

Filamentous bacteriophage, long and thin filaments that are secreted from the host cells
without killing them, have been an antithesis to the standard view of head-and-tail bacterial …

Abstract Bacteriophage (“bacteria eaters”) or phage is the collective term for viruses that
infect bacteria. While most phages are pathogens that kill their bacterial hosts, the …

Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential components of two complex bacterial
machineries: the flagellum, which drives cell motility, and the non-flagellar T3SS (NF-T3SS) …

In 1930, Felix d'Herelle wrote “... the actions and reactions are not solely between these two
beings, man and bacterium, for the bacteriophage also intervenes; a third living being and …

Several bacterial pathogens utilize conjugation machines to export effector molecules
during infection. Such systems are members of the type IV or 'adapted conjugation'secretion …

Many bacteria that cause diseases must be able to survive inside and outside the host.
Attachment to and colonization of abiotic or biotic surfaces is a common mechanism by …

Extracellular secretion of proteins is regarded as a major virulence mechanism in bacterial
infection. Proteins destined for the extracellular environment of gram-negative bacteria have …

Although it has long been known that microbes can generate energy using diverse
strategies, only recently has it become clear that a growing number involve electron transfer …

Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those
sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological …