Nowadays, the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in soil and water streams is considered a
serious environmental problem that causes various harmful effects on plants and animals …

Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) are environmental pollutants, most notably cadmium,
lead, arsenic, mercury, and chromium. When HMs accumulate to toxic levels in agricultural …

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Cadmium accumulation in crops and the possibility of Cd entering the food chain are serious
concerns for public health. This review discusses the deleterious effects of Cd in plants and …

Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding
damaging processes occurring in cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive …

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use.
Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem …

Climate change is a major threat to most of the agricultural crops grown in tropical and sub-
tropical areas globally. Drought stress is one of the consequences of climate change that …

Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis,
plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause
serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable …