Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to
health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation'of potentially beneficial …

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has gradually become the mainstream material for preparing
orthopedic implants due to its similar elastic modulus to human bone, high strength …

Background Several recent observational studies have reported that gut microbiota
composition is associated with preeclampsia. However, the causal effect of gut microbiota …

Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is produced through microbial fermentation of
dietary fibers in the lower intestinal tract. Endogenous butyrate production, delivery, and …

A major challenge in affluent societies is the increase in disorders related to gut and
metabolic health. Chronic over nutrition by unhealthy foods high in energy, fat, and sugar …

Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are fermentation substrates in the colon after escaping
digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among NDCs, resistant starch is not hydrolyzed …

Humans with metabolic and inflammatory diseases frequently harbour lower levels of
butyrate-producing bacteria in their gut. However, it is not known whether variation in the …

Increased dietary fiber consumption has been associated with many beneficial effects,
including amelioration of obesity and insulin resistance. These effects may be due to the …

Abstract G Protein Coupled Receptor 109A (GPR109A), which belongs to the G protein
coupled receptor family, can be activated by niacin, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyric acid …

Microbial metabolites have emerged as critical components that mediate the metabolic
effects of the gut microbiota. Here, we show that indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a tryptophan …