According to recent empirical studies, reproductive senescence, the decline in reproductive
success with increasing age, seems to be nearly ubiquitous in the wild. However, a clear …

To understand the evolutionary forces that have shaped primate lactation strategies, it is
important to understand the proximate mechanisms of milk synthesis and their ecological …

This comprehensive introductory text integrates evolutionary, ecological, and demographic
perspectives with new results from field studies and contemporary noninvasive molecular …

The maternal environment exerts important influences on offspring mass/growth,
metabolism, reproduction, neurobiology, immune function, and behavior among birds …

Age of weaning is an important measure of parental investment, and in various human and
non-human primate studies, has been correlated with a range of developmental factors such …

Early-life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are
important determinants of health in contemporary human populations,. Weaning is critical to …

This paper resulted from a conference entitled “Lactation and Milk: Defining and refining the
critical questions” held at the University of Colorado School of Medicine from January 18 …

Human milk is a complex and variable fluid of increasing interest to human biologists who
study nutrition and health. The collection and analysis of human milk poses many practical …

Background A recent report suggested that human milk (HM) composition not only changes
with lactation stages but also vary according to gender of the offspring. In spite of available …

Across mammals, prenatal maternal stress (PREMS) affects many aspects of offspring
development, including offspring growth. However, how PREMS translates to offspring …