Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes
related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a noninvasive brain stimulation
technique, has emerged as a promising treatment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and …

Acute brain ischemia causes changes in several neural networks and related cortico-
subcortical excitability, both in the affected area and in the apparently spared contralateral …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in the synaptic transmission
and synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. NMDARs activation has …

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's
disease (AD), characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, memory loss, and thinking …

Brain stimulation has become one of the most acceptable therapeutic approaches in recent
years and a powerful tool in the remedy against neurological diseases. Brain stimulation is …

Spinal cord injury is linked to the interruption of neural pathways, which results in
irreversible neural dysfunction. Neural repair and neuroregeneration are critical goals and …

Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are integral components of both the blood‐brain
barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU). As the primary cell type of the BBB, CECs …

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is
caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of …

Background: As the human lifespan increases, the number of people affected by agerelated
dementia is growing at an epidemic pace. Vascular pathology dramatically affects cognitive …