Personalized medicine tailors therapies, disease prevention, and health maintenance to the
individual, with pharmacogenomics serving as a key tool to improve outcomes and prevent …

Over the past decade, pharmacogenetic testing has emerged in clinical practice to guide
selected cardiovascular therapies. The most common implementation in practice is …

Betablockers (BBs) are prescribed for ischaemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome
(ACS). In Spain, bisoprolol and carvedilol are the most prescribed BBs, but patients often …

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of mortality, and
pharmacogenomics (PGx) offers the potential to optimize therapeutic efficacy while …

Background The implementation of genotyping for anti-hypertensive drugs in clinical
practice remains a challenge. We conducted this study to analyze the distribution of …

Pharmacogenomics is the examination of how genetic variation influences drug metabolism
and response, in terms of both efficacy and safety. In cardiovascular disease, patient …

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differential beta-
blocker (BB) effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction in …

Recent reports indicate a potential oncogenic role of antihypertensive drugs in common
cancers. However, it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon influences the risk of …

Aim: To investigate the association between beta1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1)
polymorphisms and response to bisoprolol treatment in beta-blocker naive patients with …

Recent CYP2D6 phenotype standardization efforts by CYP2D6 activity score (AS) are based
on limited pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data. Using data from two …