Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the CNS; they play an important role in the …

Over the last decade the important concept has emerged that microglia, similar to other
tissue macrophages, assume different phenotypes and serve several effector functions …

Inflammatory processes have a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of stroke. A key
initial event is the rapid activation of resident immune cells, primarily microglia. This cell …

Neurodegeneration, the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous
system (CNS), is the major cause of cognitive and motor dysfunction. While neuronal …

Background Macrophages play a dual role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. They can
exert neuroprotective and growth promoting effects but also contribute to tissue damage by …

Despite increasing evidence of major differences between rodent and human immune and
neurological function, relatively few biomedical studies are performed with human cells. This …

Microglia, CNS resident innate immune cells, respond strongly to activation of TLR3 and
TLR4, which recognize viral dsRNA poly (I: C) and bacterial endotoxin LPS, respectively …

The ability of microglia to acquire diverse states of activation, or phenotypes, reflects
different features that are determinant for their contribution to homeostasis in the adult CNS …

Astrocytes and microglia become reactive in many neurological disorders resulting in
phenotypic and functional alterations. Both cell types might also display functional changes …

Background Genetic and environmental factors are critical elements influencing the etiology
of major depression. It is now accepted that neuroinflammatory processes play a major role …