Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS). Infiltration of monocytes into the CNS is crucial for disease onset and …

Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but how
vitamin D metabolism affects MS pathophysiology is not understood. We studied the …

Background: Microglial activation after systemic infection has been suggested to mediate
sepsis-associated delirium. A systematic review of animal studies suggested distinct …

Microglia support productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection and
disturbed microglial function could contribute to the development of HIV‐associated …

Background Microglia are the primary immune cells of the brain whose phenotype largely
depends on their surrounding micro-environment. Microglia respond to a multitude of …

Immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) by T cells is important to keep
CNS-trophic viruses in a latent state, yet our knowledge of the characteristics of CNS …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex auto-immune disorder of the central nervous system
(CNS) that involves a range of CNS and immune cells. MS is characterized by chronic …

Microglia are generally considered the immune cells of the central nervous system. Recent
studies have demonstrated that under specific polarization conditions, microglia develop …

Emerging evidence suggests that the peripheral immune system has an active role in the
progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The finding of T‑helper (Th; CD4+) cells infiltrating …

HIV persistence in the CNS despite antiretroviral therapy may cause neurological disorders
and poses a critical challenge for HIV cure. Understanding the pathobiology of HIV-infected …