Background Fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls (NPFs) have been responsible for
numerous outbreaks of overdoses all over the United States since the 1970s. However …

Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical
use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address …

Policy Points This article reconceptualizes our understanding of the opioid epidemic and
proposes six strategies that address the epidemic's social roots. In order to successfully …

We attribute the recent quadrupling of heroin death rates to the August 2010 reformulation of
an oft-abused prescription opioid, OxyContin. The new abuse-deterrent formulation led …

Background Overdose from illicit drugs is a leading cause of premature mortality in North
America. Internationally, more than 65 supervised injecting facilities (SIFs), where drug …

Objectives. We examined the association between the expansion of methadone and
buprenorphine treatment and the prevalence of heroin overdose deaths in Baltimore …

AIM: To summarize the major findings of the five Cochrane reviews on substitution
maintenance treatments for opioid dependence. METHODS: We conducted a narrative and …

Opioid dependence is a problem of national concern, especially with dramatically increased
rates of abuse and dependence of prescription opioids. The current article provides an up-to …

Background As physicians have increased opioid prescribing, overdose deaths from
pharmaceutical opioids have substantially increased in the United States. Naloxone …