Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are involved in essential functions of the
cell, including ATP production, intracellular Ca 2+ regulation, reactive oxygen species …

Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as
macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and …

The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly
recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as …

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are important substrates for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and
ATP synthesis but also cause serious stress to various tissues, contributing to the …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR);
however, a large variety of association and intervention studies as well as genetic …

Oxidative stress has been implicated as a contributor to both the onset and the progression
of diabetes and its associated complications. Some of the consequences of an oxidative …

Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are generated in all
cells by mitochondrial and enzymatic sources. Left unchecked, these reactive species can …

The recent implementation of genomic and lipidomic approaches has produced a large
body of evidence implicating the sphingolipid ceramide in a diverse range of physiological …

Low mitochondrial number and activity have been suggested as underlying factors in
obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, the stage at which …

Alterations of hepatic metabolism are critical to the development of liver disease. The
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivators (PGC1s) are able to orchestrate, on …