Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome caused by the inhalation of a
variety of antigens in susceptible and sensitized individuals. These antigens are found in the …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung condition marked by lung
scarring that progresses over time and with usual interstitial pneumonia histology (UIP). It is …

Introduction The accurate diagnosis of individual interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is often
challenging, but is a critical determinant of appropriate management. If a diagnosis cannot …

Objectives: Identify the etiology and epidemiology of restrictive lung diseases. Explain the
appropriate history, physical, and evaluation of restrictive lung diseases. List the …

Background Risks associated with video-assisted surgical lung biopsy (VASLB) for
interstitial lung disease (ILD) with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are …

Although idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most well studied among the fibrotic
interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), non-IPF fibrotic lung diseases may also have a progressive …

Interventional pulmonary medicine has developed as a subspecialty focused on the
management of patients with complex thoracic disease. Leveraging minimally invasive …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia
with a very poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of IPF is essential for good outcomes but …

Background Surgical lung biopsy is essential in the diagnostic algorithm of interstitial lung
disease (ILD) of unknown cause. Safety concerns have been recently reiterated. This study …

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a widely accepted investigative tool for the
diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. This study was done to find out the usefulness of BAL in …