The female sex hormone estrogen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The G‐protein‐coupled
estrogen receptor (GPER) has been recently identified as a novel membrane‐type estrogen …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in both men and women.
Younger women have a lower risk for CVD, but their risk increases considerably after …

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Aging
is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Premenopausal …

Emerging beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-
1 (SARS-CoV-1), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute …

In some species, female steroid hormones modify the profile of acute phase proteins (APPs)
during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, according to the ovulation, embryonic implantation …

For humans and other animals, gender has an influence not only on their physical attributes,
but also on life span. In humans, females have a longer life span than males. The reasons …

Abstract Estrogen (E2), classically viewed as a reproductive steroid hormone, has non-
reproductive functions throughout the body including in the brain and vasculature. Studies …

Estradiol (E2) plays an underrecognized role in modulating body-wide systems, including
important interactions with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS is …

Despite an abundance of evidence to the contrary from animal studies, large clinical trials on
humans have shown that estrogen administered to postmenopausal women increases the …

Background Cardiac remodeling and dysfunction can be caused by atrial fibrillation (AF).
The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the systemic inflammatory …