Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease where lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers the
release of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate its initiation and progression. Estrogen has …

Estrogen is known to influence vascular functions and insulin sensitivity, but the relative
contribution of estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in postmenopausal diabetes-induced …

Stroke risk and prevalence increase with advanced age and women tend to be older than
men at the time of their first stroke. Advanced age in women confers unique stroke risks that …

Estrogens, namely, 17β-estradiol (E2), are conjugated to glucuronides (G), and this
metabolic conversion is part of their tissular-concentration control-mechanism. This …

Objective Epidemiological studies on the association of serum oestradiol levels and
inflammatory markers have reported inconsistent and conflicting results. Therefore, we …

One of the most abundant flavonoids present in cacao is (−)-epicatechin (Epi) and this
flavanol has been linked to the cardiovascular health promoting actions of cocoa products …

Background Oestrogen has anti-inflammatory property in obesity. However, the mechanism
is still not defined. Objective To investigate the effect of oestrogen on LPS-induced monocyte …

Enteroviruses initiate infection in the gastrointestinal tract, and sex is often a biological
variable that impacts pathogenesis. Previous data suggest that sex hormones can influence …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of mortality in the elderly population. The
cost of CVD treatment and surgeries was over $300 billion in the United States alone in …

The origins of sex-biased differences in disease and health are of growing interest to both
medical researchers and health professionals. Several major factors have been identified …