Gambling disorder is characterized by a persistent, recurrent pattern of gambling that is
associated with substantial distress or impairment. The prevalence of gambling disorder has …

Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Rewards are both “liked” and “wanted,” and those 2 words seem almost interchangeable.
However, the brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of “wanting” a particular …

Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the
most commonly cited examples being the “telescoping effect” where women meet criteria …

Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with grave personal consequences that has an
extraordinary global economic impact. Despite decades of research, the options available to …

Background The orexin (hypocretin) system is important for reward-driven motivation but has
not been implicated in the expression of a multiphenotype addicted state. Methods Rats …

Addiction is a complex disease that impacts millions of people around the world. Clinically,
addiction is formalized as substance use disorder (SUD), with three primary symptom …

Rationale Contemporary animal models of cocaine addiction focus on increasing the
amount of drug consumption to produce addiction-like behavior. However, another critical …

Background and aims With no established standard for assessing tobacco dependence (TD)
across tobacco products in surveys, the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health …

Background Studies using continuous-access drug self-administration showed that cocaine
seeking increases during abstinence (incubation of cocaine craving). Recently, studies …