Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. As nutrients are scarce in the
tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells adopt multiple metabolic adaptations to meet …

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In many cases, the treatment of the disease is
limited due to the metastasis of cells to distant locations of the body through the blood and …

Stromal heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in malignancy
and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the major …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumor models that can capture the pathophysiology
of human tumors are essential for cancer biology and drug development. However …

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. It encodes the tumor suppressor
protein p53, which suppresses tumorigenesis by acting as a critical transcription factor that …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a
high mortality rate despite the decreasing incidence and new diagnostic and therapeutic …

Tumor evolution is the accumulation of various tumor cell behaviors from tumorigenesis to
tumor metastasis and is regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the …

Many cancers begin with the formation of a small nest of transformed cells that can remain
dormant for years. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) initially promotes dormancy by suppressing …

Simple Summary Tumor immune evasion is mediated in large part by the inhibition of anti-
tumor T cell responses. Both the induction of tumor antigen-specific T cells and the activation …

An apparent paradox exists between the evidence for spontaneous systemic T cell-mediated
anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients, observed particularly in their bone marrow …