Since the discovery of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in 1952, first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)
have revolutionized psychiatric care in terms of facilitating discharge from hospital and …

A number of effective maintenance medication options exist for bipolar disorder (BD) and
these are regarded as the foundation of long-term treatment in BD. However, nonadherence …

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic condition with a high relapse rate, morbidity
and psychosocial impairment that often persist despite pharmacotherapy, highlighting the …

Abstract Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs) are used to overcome non-compliance
in psychoses, mainly schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We aimed to summarize available …

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) receives growing interest in different psychiatric clinical
settings (emergency, inpatient, and outpatient services). Despite its usefulness, TDM …

Poor medication adherence is a pervasive problem that causes disability and suffering as
well as extensive financial costs among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Barriers to …

Background Mood recurrences in bipolar disorder (BD) are often associated with poor
treatment adherence. Despite long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) may favor …

Lithium preparations have been successfully used to treat bipolar disorder (BD), and remain
the best established long-term treatment for the disorder. In fact, lithium is a cornerstone of …

Background: The current fourth paper on the International College of
Neuropsychopharmacology guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder reports on the …

Objective The narrow therapeutic window of lithium medications necessitates frequent
serum monitoring, which can be expensive and inconvenient for the patient. Compared to …