Aspergillus species are globally ubiquitous saprophytes found in a variety of ecological
niches. Almost 200 species of aspergilli have been identified, less than 20 of which are …

Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most ubiquitous of the airborne saprophytic fungi.
Humans and animals constantly inhale numerous conidia of this fungus. The conidia are …

Normal male volunteers receiving single doses of 3.45 pgkg Filgrastim by 30-minute
intravenous infusion had a mean serum concentration of 20.8 ng/mL 5 minutes after the end …

Aspergillus spp. cultured in specimens from the airways of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) patients are frequently considered as a contaminant. However, growing …

All humans are continuously exposed to inhaled Aspergillus conidia, yet healthy hosts clear
the organism without developing disease and without the development of antibody-or cell …

Filamentous fungi (moulds) are ubiquitous soil inhabitants whose conidia are inhaled into
the respiratory tract, where they may cause life-threatening infections. Among these …

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that possess potent anti-viral and immunoregulatory
activities. In contrast, their potential role (s) in anti-bacterial defense and neutrophil …

Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils mediate innate immune defense against the
opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and are believed to be essential for …

As current research illuminates the dynamic interplay between the innate and acquired
immune responses, the interaction and communication between these two arms has yet to …

The immune mechanisms of defence against fungal infections are numerous, and range
from protective mechanisms that were present early in evolution (innate immunity) to …