Ongoing research has revealed that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the
biggest obstacles in the current cancer therapy. CSCs make an influential function in tumor …

Immunotherapy as a rapidly developing therapeutic approach has revolutionized cancer
treatment and revitalized the field of tumor immunology research. 3D in vitro models are …

Resistance to cancer therapies has been a commonly observed phenomenon in clinical
practice, which is one of the major causes of treatment failure and poor patient survival. The …

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive subtype of lung cancer, accounting for
approximately 15% among all lung cancers. Despite the ability of chemotherapy, the first …

While the tumor microenvironment is a critical contributor to cancer progression, early steps
of tumor initiation and metastasis also rely on the ability of individual tumor cells to survive …

Use of immunotherapy in recent years has revolutionized cancer treatment for certain types
of cancers. However, the broad utility of immunotherapy is limited because there are still …

Creeping fat is a typical feature of Crohn's disease. It refers to the expansion of mesenteric
adipose tissue around inflamed and fibrotic intestines and is associated with stricture …

Background: Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are revolutionized therapeutic strategies
for cancer, but most patients with solid neoplasms remain resistant to ICBs, partly because of …

The intestinal epithelium is responsible for food digestion and nutrient absorption and plays
a critical role in hormone secretion, microorganism defense, and immune response. These …

Abstract Tumorigenic Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), often called tumor-initiating cells (TICs),
represent a unique subset of cells within the tumor milieu. They stand apart from the bulk of …