Abstract Purpose This Position Paper aims to review and discuss the available data on
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibacterials, antifungals and antivirals in critically ill …

In recent years, the worldwide spread of the so-called high-risk clones of multidrug-resistant
or extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a public …

The polymyxin antibiotics colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B became available in the
1950s and thus did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures. Their clinical …

Background The β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam can restore imipenem activity against
imipenem-nonsusceptible gram-negative pathogens. We evaluated imipenem/relebactam …

The recent expansion of multidrug resistant and pan-drug-resistant pathogens poses
significant challenges in the treatment of healthcare associated infections. An important …

Following their initial discovery in the 1940s, polymyxin antibiotics fell into disfavor due to
their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. However, the dry antibiotic …

Abstract The Working Party makes more than 100 tabulated recommendations in
antimicrobial prescribing for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) …

Recent data on polymyxin pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and clinical
outcomes suggest these agents have limited clinical utility. Pharmacokinetics …

Background. Intravenous colistin is difficult to use because plasma concentrations for
antibacterial effect overlap those causing nephrotoxicity, and there is large interpatient …

Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of the clinically used polymyxins, colistin and
polymyxin B. This adverse effect is dose limiting for both polymyxins, as the plasma …