Reactive oxygen intermediates (eg, superoxide [O2‐]) generated by microglia may play a
role in host defense and injury within the central nervous system. We investigated the effect …

Although there is growing evidence that neurotoxic molecules produced by HIV-1-infected
mononuclear phagocytes damage neurons, the precise mechanisms of neuronal attack …

HIV infected macrophages infiltrate the nervous system early in the progression of HIV
infection, leading to a complex set of neuropathological alterations including HIV …

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1‐associated dementia (HAD), consequences of
interactions between infiltrating monocytes and brain endothelial cells are not yet fully …

Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory transmitter in the brain can lead to neurotoxicity
when not properly regulated. Excitotoxicity is a direct result of abnormal regulation of …

Abstract Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has effectively suppressed the incidence of
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia in HIV-1 positive individuals …

To investigate the in vivo role of NMDA receptor stimulation in HIV-1-related CNS
neurotoxicity, we evaluated the neuroprotective potential of the NMDA receptor antagonist …

We employed laser capture microdissection to remove individual pyramidal neurons from
the CA1, CA3, and CA4 regions of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hippocampus from 8 …

The central nervous system (CNS) is a very challenging HIV-1 sanctuary, in which HIV-1
replication is established early on during acute infection and can persist despite potent …

Mounting evidence suggests that antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs may contribute to the
prevalence of HIV-associated neurological dysfunction. The HIV envelope glycoprotein …