For three decades, the US Public Health Service has recommended that all persons capable
of becoming pregnant consume 400 μg/day of folic acid (FA) to prevent neural tube defects …

Background Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of maternal
and perinatal adverse outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the …

Background: Diabetes reduces semen quality and increasingly occurs during reproductive
years. Diabetes medications, such as metformin, have glucose-independent effects on the …

The Warburg effect is one of the metabolic hallmarks of cancer cells, characterized by
enhanced glycolysis even under aerobic conditions. This physiological adaptation is …

The heart switches its energy substrate from glucose to fatty acids at birth, and maternal
hyperglycemia is associated with congenital heart disease. However, little is known about …

Background With the improved health afforded by cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, pregnancy rates are increasing in women with …

The heart is able to metabolize any substrate, depending on its availability, to satisfy its
energy requirements. Under normal physiological conditions, about 95% of ATP is produced …

Objective Maternal diabetes in pregnancy is associated with structural anomalies of the fetal
heart, as well as hypertrophy and functional impairment. This systematic review and meta …

The US opioid crisis is the public health emergency of our time and requires urgent public
health action to monitor and protect the most vulnerable Americans. We have witnessed a …

Objective To investigate whether exposure to metformin during the first trimester of
pregnancy, for diabetes or other indications, increases the risk of all or specific congenital …