Glucocorticoids either inhibit or sensitize stress-induced activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis, depending on time after their administration, the concentration of the …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) display both protective and destructive effects in the nervous system.
In excess, GCs produce neuronal damage after stress or brain injury; however, the …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most abundant peptides in the central nervous system
and currently there are four known receptor subtypes Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5. Central NPY and …

This chapter proposes that the infant's motives and emotions for a rich evolving experience
in approving friendships are capable of generating chronic stress and psychopathology that …

The amygdala is a pivotal structure in humans for encoding of emotional information, as
shown by recent imaging studies. It is unknown which neurotransmitters are specifically …

It is well established that glucocorticoid hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex after a
stressful event, influence cognitive performance. This article reviews recent findings from this …

An overview of allostasis, the process by which the body maintains overall viability under
normal and adverse conditions. Homeostasis, a key concept in biology, refers to the …

The elucidation of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol as the active principal of Cannabis sativa in
1963 initiated a fruitful half-century of scientific discovery, culminating in the identification of …

Social regulation of the internal milieu is a fundamental behavioral adaptation. Cephalic
capability is reflected by anticipatory behaviors to serve systemic physiological regulation …

There is extensive evidence that post-training administration of the adrenocortical hormone
corticosterone facilitates memory consolidation processes in a variety of contextual and …