Background Obesity affects the course of critical illnesses. We aimed to estimate the
association of obesity with the severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

In the past, endothelium was thought to be only a mechanical barrier. Today, endothelium is
known to be a tissue regulating vascular tone, cell growth and the interaction between the …

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor
activated during energy stress that plays a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis. This …

Oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic factor underlying the
microvascular complications of metabolic disease. NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source …

As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates
glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes and …

Urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease after urinary tract infections and
prostate diseases, and it is characterised by an occurrence rate of about 15%, which …

Background Obesity and its association with reduced life expectancy are well established,
with cardiovascular disease as one of the major causes of fatality. Metabolic surgery is a …

Reproduction involves tightly regulated series of events and the immune system is involved
in an array of reproductive processes. Disruption of well-controlled immune functions leads …

Cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress are related to polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR). We have evaluated the relationship between …

Background: The tumor suppressor PTEN serves as a negative regulator of PI3K/PTEN/Akt
signaling pathway that regulates cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation …