Among the most exciting developments in the field of heart failure in recent times has been
the rediscovery of the natriuretic peptide system and its pleuripotent effects on cardiac …

The central nervous system has a key role in regulating the circulatory system by modulating
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pituitary hormone release, and the …

Background Mineralocorticoid antagonists improve survival among patients with chronic,
severe systolic heart failure and heart failure after myocardial infarction. We evaluated the …

Background: Two ways to evaluate the symptoms of heart failure are the New York Heart
Association (NYHA) classification and asking patients how far they can walk (walk distance) …

Background: The B-type or brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) and the amino-terminal probrain
natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are good markers of prognosis and diagnosis in chronic …

Background—Loss of negative feedback inhibition of renin release during chronic treatment
with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor leads to a compensatory rise in renin …

Aims Hyperaldosteronism is associated with an increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation
(AF). However, it is unclear whether this is the consequence of altered haemodynamics or a …

Aldosterone is associated with myocardial fibrosis in experimental studies and with left
ventricular remodeling in heart failure patients. We hypothesized that aldosterone influences …

Aims In chronic heart failure (HF), aldosterone antagonists have been shown to improve
survival in patients with low ejection fraction and moderate‐to‐severe symptoms [New York …

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if adding spironolactone to an
angiotensin II receptor blocker improves left ventricular (LV) function, mass, and volumes in …