The 2021/2022 epizootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAIV) remains one of the
largest ever in the UK, being caused by a clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 HPAIV. This epizootic …

Since October 2021, Europe has experienced the largest avian influenza virus (AIV)
epizootic, caused by clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV), with over 284 …

Highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N6 (clade 2.3. 4.4 b) incurred into
Europe in late 2017 and was predominantly detected in wild birds, with very few terrestrial …

White-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), a regionally rare species of raptor, is
threatened in several countries. To assess the risk of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza …

The first detection of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Bulgaria
dates back to December 2016. Since then, many outbreaks caused by HPAI H5 viruses from …

Between 2017 and 2018, several farms across Bulgaria reported outbreaks of H5 highly-
pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. In this study we used genomic and traditional …

No human infections due to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N8) or A (H5N6)
viruses‐detected in wild birds and poultry outbreaks in Europe‐have been reported so far …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5-viruses are circulating in wild birds and are
repeatedly introduced to poultry causing outbreaks in the Netherlands since 2014. The …

Between 16 August and 15 November 2018, 14 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A
(H5N8) outbreaks in poultry establishments in Bulgaria and seven HPAI A (H5N6) …

A rapid qualitative assessment has been done by performing a theoretical analysis on the
transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via fresh meat from poultry reared or …