Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell
types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by …

For the establishment of a successful infection, ie, long-term parasitism and a complete life
cycle, parasites use various diverse mechanisms and factors, which they may be inherently …

The activation of macrophage respiratory burst in response to infection with Trypanosoma
cruzi inflicts oxidative damage to the host's tissues. For decades, the role of reactive oxygen …

Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the
protozoan parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., respectively. They are among …

There is increasing evidence that Trypanosoma cruzi antioxidant enzymes play a key
immune evasion role by protecting the parasite against macrophage-derived reactive …

Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease, which affects an estimate of 6‐7 million
people worldwide. Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is a eukaryotic …

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is an obligatory intracellular
parasite with a digenetic life cycle. Due to the variety of host environments, it faces several …

Macrophage activation is one of the hallmarks observed in trypanosomiasis, and the
parasites must cope with the resulting oxidative burden, which includes the production of …

Background During Trypanosoma cruzi infection, macrophages produce reactive oxygen
species (ROS) in a process called respiratory burst. Several works have aimed to elucidate …

The main consequence of oxidative stress is the formation of DNA lesions, which can result
in genomic instability and lead to cell death. Guanine is the base that is most susceptible to …