The scientific community widely recognizes that “sex” is a complex category composed of
multiple physiologies. Yet in practice, basic scientific research often treats “sex” as a single …

To enhance inclusivity and rigor, many funding agencies and journals now mandate the
inclusion of females as well as males in biomedical studies. These mandates have …

Recent work has nested the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) within
several theoretical paradigms of personality and clinical psychology (eg, multivariate …

The field of behavioral neuroendocrinology has only begun to explore the lived experiences
of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people exposed to stigma. In light of escalating …

There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure,
particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have …

Recognizing that social forces shape sexual behavior and sexual identities, we examined
whether the recent liberalization in attitudes toward same-sex relationships has been …

Efforts to improve sexual health outcomes among young cisgender women require in-depth
understanding of how women with diverse sexual identities make decisions about their …

How gender identity is assessed directly shapes how students are supported in elementary
schools in the United States. Despite the existence of gender diversity, calls for more …

Beyond sex as a binary or biological variable, within-sex variations related to sociocultural
gender variables are of increasing interest in psychiatric research to better understand …

Policies about changing gender/sex on identity documents provide insights into definitions
of gender/sex, and impact especially transgender and/or nonbinary lives. We investigated …