Many Gram-negative bacteria use the sophisticated type II secretion system (T2SS) to
translocate a wide range of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane. The …

Prokaryotes have engineered sophisticated surface nanomachines that have allowed them
to colonize Earth and thrive even in extreme environments. Filamentous machineries …

Mutations in the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene produce an animal model
of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. To test a …

Extracellular secretion of proteins is regarded as a major virulence mechanism in bacterial
infection. Proteins destined for the extracellular environment of gram-negative bacteria have …

Homologues of the protein constituents of the Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebsiella oxytoca)
type II secreton (T2S), the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus/fimbrium biogenesis …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

The type II secretion pathway or the main terminal branch of the general secretion pathway,
as it has also been referred to, is widely distributed among Proteobacteria, in which it is …

The cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is composed of two membranes, which are
separated by the peptidoglycan-containing periplasm. Whereas the envelope forms an …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is recognized as an important virulence mechanism in
several Gram-negative pathogens. In Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal …

Secretion of proteins across the bacterial outer membrane takes place via a variety of
mechanisms from simple one-component systems to complex multicomponent pathways …