Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have proven that engineered immune cells can
serve as a powerful new class of cancer therapeutics. Clinical experience has helped to …

The balance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) has emerged as a prominent
factor in regulating autoimmunity and cancer. Th17 cells are vital for host defense against …

Costimulatory signals are required to achieve robust chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
expansion, function, persistence and antitumor activity. These can be provided by …

The barrier surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract are in constant contact with various
microorganisms. Cytokines orchestrate the mucosal adaptive and innate immune cells in the …

Genetically engineered T cells are powerful new medicines, offering hope for curative
responses in patients with cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were recently …

Disclosures: N. Xu reported a patent to STING on CAR T therapy against solid tumor
pending. AC Robeson reported personal fees from Precision BioSciences, Inc. outside the …

Second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) retarget and reprogramme T cells to
augment their antitumour efficacy. The combined activating and co-stimulatory domains …

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T
helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) …

Adoptive T‐cell therapy (ACT) is a potent and flexible cancer treatment modality that can
induce complete, durable regression of certain human malignancies. Long‐term follow‐up …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical regulators of immune responses. Under noninflammatory
conditions, several human DC subsets have been identified. Little is known, however, about …