Retroviruses make a long and complex journey from outside the cell to the nucleus in the
early stages of infection, and then an equally long journey back out again in the late stages …

Microtubules (MTs) form a rapidly adaptable network of filaments that radiate throughout the
cell. These dynamic arrays facilitate a wide range of cellular processes, including the …

Eukaryotes are divided into two major compartments: the nucleus where RNA is synthesized
and processed, and the cytoplasm, where mRNA is translated into proteins. Although many …

The modification of glutamic acid residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is a post-
translational modification catalyzed by the vitamin K-dependent enzyme γ …

The endocytosis pathway controls multiple cellular and physiological events. The lysosome
is the destination of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. Internalized …

Virus replication and virus assembly often occur in virus inclusions or virus factories that
form at pericentriolar sites close to the microtubule organizing center or in specialized …

Recognition of the stop codon by the translation machinery is essential to terminating
translation at the right position and to synthesizing a protein of the correct size. Under certain …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag selects for and mediates genomic RNA
(vRNA) encapsidation into progeny virus particles. The host protein, Staufen1 interacts …

Dengue virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, poses a serious public health threat
worldwide. Dengue virus is a positive-sense RNA virus that harbors a genome of∼ 10.7 kb …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the leading cause of death
worldwide in adults attributable to infectious diseases. Although the majority of infections are …