Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with cancer. However,
promoting antitumour immunity in patients with tumours that are resistant to these therapies …

It has been well established that CD8+ T cells serve as effector cells of the adaptive immune
response against tumors, whereas CD4+ T cells either help or suppress the generation of …

Cancer immunotherapy that deploys the host's immune system to recognize and attack
tumors, is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is greatly restricted …

Mechanical forces are crucial for normal living organisms as well as formation of tumor
microenvironments. However, to date, there are rather limited trials to regulate the …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered in a new era of cancer therapy; however,
ICIs are only effective in selective patients. The efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor …

Background Despite great advances in the treatment of breast cancer, innovative
approaches are still needed to reduce metastasis. As a minimally invasive local therapy (not …

Cancer immunotherapy appears to be a promising treatment option; however, only a subset
of patients with cancer responds favorably to treatment. Locoregional therapy initiates a …

Thermotherapy can directly kill tumor cells whilst being accompanied by immune‐enhancing
effects. However, this immune‐enhancing effect suffers from insufficient expression of …

In the quest for cancer treatment modalities with greater effectiveness, the combination of
tumor immunotherapy and nanoparticle-based hyperthermia has emerged as a promising …

Memory T cells include T memory stem cells (TSCM) and central memory T cells (TCM).
Compared with effector memory T cells (TEM) and effector T cells (TEFF), they have better …