Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage
certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with …

Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various
diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
However, toxicity and poor brain enrichment of existing mitophagy inducers limit their further …

Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter,
which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These …

Natural compounds are widely used to prevent and treat various diseases due to their
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a kind of promising natural compound, plant …

Severe injuries or diseases affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems can result
in impaired organ function and permanent paralysis. Conventional interventions, such as …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and
cellular processes in various physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and are
present in all biological fluids of vertebrates, where they transfer DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids …

Regenerative repair of the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an extensive
clinical challenge, inspiring intensified interest in therapeutic approaches to explore superior …

Exosomes, membrane-bound nanosized vesicles of biologic origin, are known to contain
various molecules, eg, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which contribute to the exosomes' …