COVID-19 has taken a severe toll on the global population through infections,
hospitalizations, and deaths. Elucidating SARS-CoV-2 infection-derived immunity has led to …

Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS‐
CoV‐2 and emerging variants resulting in mass morbidity and an estimated 6 million deaths …

Abstract With declining SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and increasing numbers of
spike mutations, the ongoing emergence of Omicron subvariants causes serious challenges …

Background The ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 infections in Hong Kong,
the model city of universal masking of the world, has resulted in a major public health crisis …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is significantly impacting human lives …

Introduction Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations have been described after
infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Homologous booster, heterologous booster, and Omicron variants breakthrough infection
(OBI) could improve the humoral immunity against Omicron variants. Questions concerning …

Introduction Original antigenic sin describes the phenomenon in which immunity against
pathogens or antigens is shaped by the host's first exposure to a related pathogen or …

RSV is divided into two antigenic subtypes, RSV A and RSV B, which is largely based on the
variation in the G protein, while the fusion protein F is more conserved and a target for …

Subvariants of the Omicron lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) efficiently escape neutralizing antibody responses induced by both …