The biological characteristics of the tumour are used to estimate prognosis and select
appropriate systemic therapy for patients with (breast) cancer. The advent of molecular …

Immunohistochemistry is no longer a technique used only for research but is employed
increasingly for diagnosis and for the assessment of therapeutic biomarkers. The latter, in …

PURPOSE To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical
Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) …

Purpose.—To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical
Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone …

Background As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of
hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome …

Abstract Background: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB)
Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been …

The higher incidence of breast cancer in developed countries has been tempered by
reductions in mortality, largely attributable to mammographic screening programmes and …

BACKGROUND: The study of breast cancer in women with African ancestry offers the
promise of identifying markers for risk assessment and treatment of triple‐negative disease …

The PET compound 18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) has been developed and tested as an
agent for the imaging of estrogen receptor (ER) expression in vivo. 18F-FES uptake has …

Purpose Estrogen receptor (ER) expression predicts improved breast cancer–specific
survival and reduced risk of recurrence and is targeted in breast cancer therapy. A high …