A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in host defense against infection and tissue
injuries and is a bioindicator of multiple distinct types of cytokine storms. In this review, we …

We pursued a study of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and
influenza patients. Compared to patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited …

Castleman disease (CD) describes a group of at least 4 disorders that share a spectrum of
characteristic histopathological features but have a wide range of etiologies, presentations …

Since the molecular cloning of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 1986, many other cytokines have been
found to share the same signal transducer, gp130, in their receptor complexes. Thus, the IL …

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare but life-threatening mucocutaneous disease
mediated by paraneoplastic autoimmunity. Various neoplasms are associated with PNP …

Thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin fibrosis, renal insufficiency, and organomegaly
(TAFRO) syndrome is a heterogeneous entity manifesting with a constellation of symptoms …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of RNA viruses that are associated with different
diseases in animals, birds, and humans. Human CoVs (HCoVs) have long been known to …

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare and poorly-understood cytokine
storm-driven inflammatory disorder. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a known disease driver in some …

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a poorly understood hematologic
disorder involving cytokine-induced polyclonal lymphoproliferation, systemic inflammation …