Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this
process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary …

The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in
bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate …

The culture method using sodium acetate and glucose, widely used as organic carbon
sources in the mixotrophy of Haematococcus pluvialis, was compared with its autotrophy. In …

Among the most important innovations in the history of life is the transition from single-celled
organisms to more complex, multicellular organisms. Multicellularity has evolved repeatedly …

During the biofilm life cycle, bacteria attach to a surface and then reproduce, forming
crowded, growing communities. Many theoretical models of biofilm growth dynamics have …

While early multicellular lineages necessarily started out as relatively simple groups of cells,
little is known about how they became Darwinian entities capable of sustained multicellular …

Phototrophic metabolism, the capture of light for energy, was a pivotal biological innovation
that greatly increased the total energy available to the biosphere. Chlorophyll-based …

In the search for life in the Universe, Earth provides a template of evolution for the one
habitable planet we know. Earth's atmospheric composition has changed significantly …

Experimental evolution with microbial model systems has transformed our understanding of
the basic rules underlying ecology and evolution. Experiments leveraging evolution as a …

Here, we discuss the feasibility of photosynthesis on Earth-like rocky planets in close orbit
around ultracool red dwarf stars. Stars of this type have very limited emission in the …