Plants encounter many biotic agents, such as viruses, bacteria, nematodes, weeds, and
arachnids. These entities induce biotic stress in their hosts by disrupting normal metabolism …

Background Increasing crop production to feed a growing population has driven the use of
mineral fertilizers to ensure nutrients availability and fertility of agricultural soils. After …

Abiotic stresses are the most significant factors reducing agricultural productivity. Plants face
extreme environmental conditions that may affect their biological mechanisms, thereby …

Soil is dynamic living matrix and it is not only a critical resource in agricultural and food
security but it is also towards maintenance of all life process. Pathogenic microorganisms …

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root
surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development via …

Endophytic microbes are known to live asymptomatically inside their host throughout
different stages of their life cycle and play crucial roles in the growth, development, fitness …

Plant beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms (PBRMs) are rhizospheric microbes that are
able to colonize rhizosphere and to improve plant growth, development and nutrient use …

Microorganisms are integral to the soil phosphorus (P) cycle and as such play an important
role in mediating the availability of P to plants. Understanding the microbial contribution to …

High salinity is harmful for crop physiology and yield. Accumulating evidences indicate that
plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can enhance crop growth and reduce the …

Agriculture is heavily dependent on the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to achieve
higher yields. This dependence is associated with problems such as environmental …