Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be
assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process …

Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by a specialized structure, the phragmoplast. The
phragmoplast first occurred in representatives of Charophyte algae and then became the …

The midbody is a transient structure that connects two daughter cells at the end of
cytokinesis, with the principal function being to localize the site of abscission, which …

In the plant kingdom, events of whole genome duplication or polyploidization are generally
believed to occur via alterations of the sexual reproduction process. Thereby, diploid pollen …

In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that
exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing …

Microtubules are one of the three major cytoskeletal components in eukaryotic cells.
Heterodimers composed of GTP-bound α-and β-tubulin molecules polymerize to form …

Bryophytes are nonvascular spore-forming plants. Unlike in flowering plants, the
gametophyte (haploid) generation of bryophytes dominates the sporophyte (diploid) …

Error-free cell division depends on the assembly of the spindle midzone, a specialized array
of overlapping microtubules that emerges between segregating chromosomes during …

Plant cells divide their cytoplasmic content by forming a new membrane compartment, the
cell plate, via a rerouting of the secretory pathway toward the division plane aided by a …

Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic
spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the …