Low back pain (LBP) is the most common pain syndrome, and is an enormous burden and
cost generator for society. Lumbar facet joints (FJ) constitute a common source of pain …

As early as the 19th century, OIH was observed in patients receiving morphine for pain. It
was recognized that a potent analgesic such as morphine could actually result in an …

Background The past two decades have witnessed a surge in the use of lumbar facet blocks
and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat low back pain (LBP), yet nearly all aspects of the …

Persistent pain interfering with daily activities is common. Chronic pain has been defined in
many ways. Chronic pain syndrome is a separate entity from chronic pain. Chronic pain is …

10, 30, 34, 39, 41-43, 61, 71-73, 77, 78). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criteria for substance abuse include …

Low back pain is usually nonspecific or mechanical. Mechanical low back pain arises
intrinsically from the spine, intervertebral disks, or surrounding soft tissues. Clinical clues, or …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …

Background Back pain has many causes. In Germany, about 70% of adults have at least one
episode of back pain per year. Methods This review is based on a selective literature search …

Although there is no known cure for fibromyalgia, multidisciplinary team efforts using
combined treatment approaches, including patient education, aerobic exercise, cognitive …

Background: The contributions of the sacroiliac joint to low back and lower extremity pain
have been a subject of considerable debate and research. It is generally accepted that 10 …