Chronic pain exerts an enormous personal and economic burden, affecting more than 30%
of people worldwide according to some studies. Unlike acute pain, which carries survival …

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an abundant bioactive phospholipid, with multiple functions
both in development and in pathological conditions. Here, we review the literature about the …

Background Up-regulation of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1), with
resultant accumulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen, is central to …

Chronic pain, as a stress state, is one of the critical factors for determining depression, and
their coexistence tends to further aggravate the severity of both disorders. Unfortunately …

Abstract The recently proposed Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial
Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION)-American Pain Society …

Microglia, resident macrophages of the CNS, are essential to brain development,
homeostasis, and disease. Microglial activation and proliferation are hallmarks of many CNS …

Background Over the past 2 decades, the use of intravenous ketamine infusions as a
treatment for chronic pain has increased dramatically, with wide variation in patient …

A great need exists for the development of new medications to treat pain resulting from
various disease states and types of injury. Given that the endogenous cannabinoid (that is …

Migraine and neuropathic pain (NP) are both painful, disabling, chronic conditions which
exhibit some symptom similarities and are thus considered to share a common etiology. The …

Chronic low back pain (CLBP), lasting> 3 months, is the end result of multiple pathogenic
factors. Unfortunately, little is known about CLBP pathogenesis, which limits its …