Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical,
pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates …

Pharmacological manipulation of the endocannabinoid system represents a promising
therapy to alleviate L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in …

When activated, microglial cells have the potential not only to secrete typical
proinflammatory mediators but also to release the neurotransmitter glutamate in amounts …

Our present objective was to better characterize the mechanisms that regulate striatal
neuroinflammation in mice developing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). For that, we used …

Methylphenidate (MPH) is among the main drugs prescribed to treat patients with attention-
deficit and hyperactivity disease (ADHD). MPH blocks both the norepinephrine and …

The use of methylphenidate (MPD), a commonly prescribed drug to treat attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has steadily increased over the past 25 years. This trend has …

Dopamine and glutamate play critical roles in the reinforcing effects of cocaine. We
demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal administration of cocaine induces a significant …

The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an excellent animal model that mimics the
behavioral and neurochemical phenotype of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) …

Nos últimos anos tem-se evidenciado o aumento da comercialização e uso de
medicamentos das mais variadas formulações para tratar todo e qualquer distúrbio, seja ele …

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nonmedical use of Ritalin
among medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Materials and …